You can’t look at construction rates alone and infer whether or not you have a housing shortage. There are so many other factors to consider, including household size (see chart below). A drop in household size alone, for example, means that you need more housing, even if nothing else is going on.
The US is probably short at least several million housing units right now.
Vacancy rates, within a market, are pretty useful for predicting housing cost increases. When vacancy rates fall, prices go up. This is one reason why housing supply matters.
Looking at the gap between population increases and housing supply increases is “hilariously non-predictive” if you’re trying to determine whether or not you need more housing. We’ve all seen this before: This city added X people, but only constructed Y new homes.
Finally, there is an extremely strong correlation between housing supply restrictions (i.e. land use restrictions) and home prices. It turns out that the harder we make it to build new homes, the more expensive they become.
Is There a Housing Shortage or Not?
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Conclusion:
So, to sum up:
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Evidence suggests the US is short several million housing units. This shortage currently shows up as a historically low vacancy rate, which makes it harder to find a home to rent/purchase and drives housing prices up.
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Changes in vacancy rate is reasonably predictive of changes in housing prices within a metro area. Average vacancy rate is less good at predicting price changes between metro areas (though it’s still better than most other metrics.)
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We don’t see much evidence that a mismatch between population growth and housing construction is responsible for housing price increases, though we’re very far from being able to rule this out.
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We see a very strong correlation between land use restrictions and rental rates, at least as of 2019.
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There’s a reasonable amount of evidence that housing prices tend to adjust to match regional incomes.
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In general, housing trends are largely driven by a small number of outlier metros. In particular, Bay Area metros are housing trend outliers, and will give the appearance of stronger trends than actually exist if you just look at a small number of metro areas that includes them.
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Because of changing trends (lower immigration and population growth, homes being kept in service for longer, a slowing of the rate of change of average household size) current rates of homebuilding can’t be compared to historic rates of homebuilding.
Edited by Victoria Watcher, 12 May 2022 - 04:41 AM.